Final answer:
The linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as (1) the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, states that language influences thought and perception of reality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, posits that the language one speaks influences one's perception of reality. Initially developed by Edward Sapir and elaborated by his student Benjamin Whorf, this hypothesis suggests that language shapes thought, which is embedded in culture.
For example, Whorf's studies of the Hopi language and its concepts of time illustrate how linguistic structure can affect cognitive processes. The hypothesis has been a subject of considerable interest and debate within the field of linguistics and beyond.