Final answer:
Iconography is the study of symbols and themes in art to identify subject matter and place an artwork in its historical context, encompassing its cultural and societal significance, function, and symbolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of the themes and significance attached to symbols in art to identify subject matter and place a work of art in its historical context is called iconography. Iconography is crucial to the interpretation of an artwork's meaning, especially when the subject is obscure or depicted in an unconventional manner. By analyzing the cultural and temporal context in which the artwork was created, art historians can glean insights into its original intent, function, and the meanings of its iconographic elements, which are often debated and reinterpreted over time. Understanding the function of a piece goes beyond aesthetics to include its societal role or message, examining recurring motifs and symbolism to identify possible themes.
In iconographic analysis, attention is paid to societal, political, economic, and cultural circumstances of the artwork's creation. This deeper analysis allows us to appreciate the artwork not only for its beauty but also for its role as a cultural artifact, reflecting the time and place of its origin and its subsequent significance in history.