Final answer:
The ancient Greeks developed the golden ratio to create ideal proportions in architecture, exemplified by the Parthenon. Greek sculptures and buildings utilized mathematical concepts to correct for human visual imperfections, including techniques like entasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient Greeks developed the concept of the golden ratio, because they believed that it created ideal proportions in architecture. This mathematical ratio was considered to provide a perfect balance and beauty to structures, and is prominently exhibited in the Parthenon of Athens. Famous Greek sculptor Polykleitos, along with others who succeeded him, used these mathematical ratios not only in architecture but also in their sculptures, seeking to achieve perfection in the human form.
Greek architects applied mathematical precision to craft buildings that corrected for the imperfections of human sight. This included techniques like entasis, which involved making subtle adjustments such as a slight swelling in the middle of columns to make them appear straight to the human eye.
The Greek canon of aesthetic perfection influenced not only the structures themselves but they also serve as a testament to the deep intertwining of art, mathematics, and philosophy in the ancient Greek culture. This fusion of disciplines resulted in architectural marvels that continue to awe humanity with their balance, harmony, and enduring beauty.