Question

The helping function of this cell is activated by two signals; one signal occurs with the binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a processed antigen, and the second signal is a costimulatory cytokine. Which type of cell is responsible for this function?

1) TH cell
2) Memory cell
3) B-cell
4) Antibodies
5) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

Answer 1

The cell responsible for the helping function that requires dual signal activation—TCR binding to an antigen and a costimulatory cytokine is the helper T lymphocyte (TH cell). This activation plays a critical role in stimulating B cells to produce antibodies through the secretion of cytokines by TH2 cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

The type of cell responsible for the helping function that is activated by two signals the binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a processed antigen and a costimulatory cytokine is the helper T lymphocyte (TH cell). This process is crucial for the activation of B cells, which requires two signals: one from its surface immunoglobulin recognition of antigen and another from cytokines secreted by the activated TH cell. Depending on the cytokines secreted by cells of the innate immune system, a TH1 or TH2 immune response may develop. TH1 cells contribute to the activation of macrophages and other T cells, while TH2 cells stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies, aiding in the antibody response to protein antigens, referred to as T cell-dependent antigens.