Final answer:
Capillary walls transport materials through mechanisms such as active transport, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, co-transport, and endocytosis. Active transport uses cellular energy to move substances against the concentration gradient, while passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion rely on concentration gradients and carrier proteins. Co-transport and endocytosis are additional mechanisms that aid in material transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
In biology, materials are transported across capillary walls through various mechanisms including active transport, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, co-transport, and endocytosis.
Active transport uses cellular energy to move a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion involve the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, with the help of carrier proteins in the cell membrane.
Co-transport utilizes the movement of one molecule from higher to lower concentration to power the movement of another molecule from lower to higher concentration. Lastly, endocytosis is a process where the cell membrane engulfs material, requiring energy.