Final answer:
Option (4), Disproportionate share hospitals may receive additional payments for indirect medical education, new technologies, and cost outlier cases, acknowledging the particular financial challenges they face.
Step-by-step explanation:
Additional payments may be made to disproportionate share hospitals (DSH) for several reasons, as these facilities often serve a significantly large number of low-income patients.
These reasons may include indirect medical education payments made to help support the costs of training medical residents, payments for the adoption of new technologies which can be expensive but essential for modern healthcare, and extra funds for cost outlier cases where the cost of care significantly exceeds standard Medicare payment thresholds.