Final answer:
Periodization is the use of progressive cycling in resistance training to maximize muscular performance and recovery. It involves alternating exercise intensity and volume and leads to improvements in muscular strength and endurance by changing muscle fiber structure rather than creating new cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Periodization is b)the use of progressive cycling in resistance training. This training technique involves varying exercise intensity and volume in structured time periods to maximize performance and recovery. It can lead to improvements in muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is the capacity for a muscle to exert force during a contraction, whereas muscular endurance pertains to the muscle's ability to sustain contractions over an extended time period without fatigue.
Training regimens often include a mix of exercises that promote hypertrophy, which is the increase in muscle fiber size, as well as enhancing endurance. This is achieved by adding structural proteins to muscle fibers, not by creating new cells. Over time, endurance exercise can lead to an increase in mitochondria and myoglobin within muscle cells, improving their efficiency and oxygen-carrying capacity, which is crucial for prolonged muscle contractions.
Physical training, powered by the crossbridge cycling mechanism, where myosin and actin filaments form crossbridges in muscle fibers, results in muscle contractions. Varying training parameters through periodization can optimize muscle performance and adaptability to different physical demands.