Final answer:
The localizer/transmitter antennae in aviation are situated at the end of the runway and have a standard range of 18 to 28 nautical miles. Proper antenna alignment can significantly affect reception quality, with loop antennas requiring horizontal positioning to optimally receive signals from a vertical transmitter.
Step-by-step explanation:
The localizer/transmitter antennae are usually located at the far end of the runway that the aircraft is landing on. These antennas provide horizontal guidance to the aircraft by broadcasting radio waves which are received by the aircraft's navigation system.
The standard range of a localizer is about 18 to 28 nautical miles from the antenna, depending on the environment and other factors. To best receive the signals from a vertical transmitter antenna, a loop antenna should be aligned horizontally. The loop's optimal reception orientation can help determine the source's location.
When tuning a radio, you would typically find a small range of frequencies wherein you can reasonably receive a station's signal; this is known as the channel width. For a TV signal between 60 and 216 MHz, the corresponding wavelength of the electromagnetic (EM) waves can be calculated using the formula λ (wavelength) = c (speed of light) / f (frequency).
Estimating the size of a radio or TV antenna and considering the quality of reception can reveal the importance of antenna design and positioning for receiving signals effectively.