Final answer:
The peak period for U.S. hydropower dam construction was the 1930s to 1960s, aligning with the nation's industrial growth and expansion of infrastructure projects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The construction of U.S. hydropower dams was greatest during the B) 1930s to 1960s. This period coincides with the Second Industrial Revolution and large-scale bureaucratic expansions that included widespread infrastructure projects like dam construction, part of improving the nation's power supply and industrial capabilities. The Hydropower was a significant source of energy that supported the industrial development and urbanization of America, particularly as the country transitioned from agrarian to industrial economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.