Final answer:
The relationship between parent-adolescent bonds and positive outcomes, including academic performance and behavior, strengthens as children grow older, with relationships evolving from primary groups in early childhood to broader social networks in adolescence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between parent-adolescent bonds and positive child outcomes, such as academic success and behavior in school, is thought to be weaker in the early grades and become stronger in the later grades. Research indicates that as adolescents mature, their independence from parents increases and the significance of peer relationships grows. However, despite spending less time with parents, most teens still report positive feelings towards them. Warm and nurturing parent-child relationships are associated with positive outcomes across many countries.
During early childhood, primary groups such as family play a dominant role, but as children enter adolescence, they begin to form more relationships outside these primary groups, which can influence their behavior and achievements. By late adolescence, romantic relationships may take precedence over other peer bonds. The dynamic nature of these relationships and their impact on things like academic performance manifests more prominently in older students.