Final answer:
The pineal gland, associated with the sleep-wake cycle, secretes the hormone melatonin. Other endocrine glands include the thyroid gland producing thyroxine, the adrenal gland releasing adrenaline, and the pancreas secreting insulin for blood glucose regulation. The pituitary gland releases hormones like FSH, LH, and growth hormone during sleep.
Step-by-step explanation:
The endocrine glands associated with the pineal body and their hormones include the pineal gland which secretes melatonin, a hormone important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production is increased during the night and is affected by the photoperiod, being stimulated by darkness and being inhibited by light. The hormone controls not only our circadian rhythms but also has effects on reproductive functions in some mammals and serves as an antioxidant protecting the central nervous system.
The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which affects metabolism among other processes. The adrenal gland secretes adrenaline in response to stress. The pancreas, which is part of both the endocrine and the digestive systems, releases insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
Other hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are important in regulating the reproductive system, as well as growth hormone, are secreted by the pituitary gland during sleep.