Final answer:
Plato's idea that the 'wise should rule' established the philosophical foundation for the concept of philosopher-kings, who would lead with justice and wisdom. This principle of governance has deeply influenced political thought and the structuring of societies, balancing the potential for enlightened rule against the risks of tyranny, oligarchy, or factional democracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plato's suggestion that the "wise should rule" is significant because it underpins the idea of a philosopher-king, rulers who combine practical knowledge with a deep understanding of intellectual concepts. Plato's system advocated for a meritocracy, an aristocracy in the true sense of the Greek term, meaning the rule of the best (aristos). He envisioned a society led by philosopher-kings, exempt from corruption, who would secure true justice and prosper by having each member play a role they excel at.
Moreover, Plato's Republic greatly influenced the development of political thought, as his theories regarding the education and qualification of leaders were more significant than their military prowess. His idea of rule by those with the highest moral and intellectual understanding has been a guide and a caution for political systems throughout history, prompting leaders influenced by Greek philosophy to emulate these ideals.
Aristotle, Plato's student, also grappled with the idea of rule by the virtuous and wise. However, he also recognized the perils of such a system degenerating into tyranny or oligarchy. Thus, the timeless question remains: can political power be safely vested in a ruler, an elite, or the majority without compromising the good of the community?