Final answer:
Life-course-persistent offenders can indeed show signs of neurological impairment, and this is supported by the significant relationships between neurological conditions and behavioral outcomes as seen in examples like Phineas Gage's case.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that life-course-persistent offenders may show signs of neurological impairment. Neurological impairment can result from a variety of factors including infection, trauma, congenital disorders, and can present during a neurological exam. The prefrontal cortex is particularly significant as it may be related to personality traits and behaviors; damage to this area can result in observable personality changes, as famously evidenced in the case of Phineas Gage, who suffered a traumatic brain injury that drastically altered his behavior. Moreover, studies have indicated that many individuals with conditions such as ADHD, which is linked to neurological differences, may also have increased comorbidity with other neurological disorders.