Final answer:
The South went through a long period of conflict during the American Civil War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The long period of conflict that the South went through was the American Civil War. This war lasted for four years, from 1861 to 1865, and was fought between the United States of America (Union) and the Confederate States of America (Confederacy). The war was marked by issues such as conscription, inflation, racial tension, financing, and political divisiveness.