Final answer:
Obesity caused by an increase in fat cell size is known as hypertrophic obesity, distinct from hyperplastic obesity, which involves an increase in fat cell number. Central obesity describes excess abdominal fat, which heightens the risk for serious health problems like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Obesity resulting from an increase in the size of fat cells is termed hypertrophic obesity. This type of obesity is characterized by an increase in the volume rather than the number of fat cells. It contrasts with hyperplastic obesity, which involves an increase in the number of fat cells. When most of the excess body fat is stored in the abdomen, this condition is referred to as central obesity, placing the obese person at greater risk of adverse health consequences, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome is a related condition that includes central obesity as a key indicator and contributes to various noninfectious diseases.
It is important to note that genetics, along with lifestyle factors such as calorie intake and physical activity, significantly impact the development of obesity. Health consequences of obesity are mainly due to the effects of either increased fat mass or increased numbers of fat cells, which can lead to several diseases including osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, and type 2 diabetes.