Final answer:
Human blood is typically buffered to a pH of 7.4 with a healthy pH range between 7.35 to 7.45. Blood contains buffers to stabilize pH and prevent harmful fluctuations, which are critical for maintaining enzyme activity and protein structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Blood is typically buffered to a pH of 7.4, but the normal range for human blood pH is from 7.35 to 7.45. This slightly basic, or alkaline, pH is maintained in the body through a variety of homeostatic mechanisms, including breathing and the presence of buffers in the blood. These buffers, such as the carbonic acid/hydrogen carbonate buffer system, are crucial to neutralizing acids and bases and keeping the pH within a narrow, healthy range. Intense fluctuations in pH can interfere with enzyme functions and protein structures, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions. It is important to note that the pH levels within cells and different tissues of the body may vary. The internal pH of a red blood cell is about 7.2, while most other types of cells are lower, around 7.0. The homeostatic control mechanisms of the body, including the action of buffers, help to prevent wide swings in pH that could harm cellular functions.