Final answer:
A working theory around which an experiment is designed is called a hypothesis, which is a testable tentative explanation. It is verified through experiments where variables are manipulated and the outcomes are recorded to confirm or refute the hypothesis. The scientific method involves a series of steps, including the formation of a hypothesis, experimentation, and drawing conclusions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A working theory around which an experiment is designed is called a hypothesis. This is essentially a tentative explanation that can be tested through scientific methods such as controlled experiments and observational studies. The scientific method is a procedure comprising several steps, starting with the formulation of a hypothesis, followed by conducting experiments to test its validity. An experiment often involves manipulating one or more variables and having one or more controls to ensure that the results are due to the variable being tested. The independent variable is the one that the scientist changes or manipulates, while the dependent variable is the one that is observed to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.
When a hypothesis is rigorously tested and substantiated by various experiments and observations, it may contribute to the development of a scientific theory, which is a well-supported explanation of aspects of the natural world. The outcome of an experiment may lead to a conclusion, which either supports or contradicts the hypothesis. Continual testing and verification are crucial to the scientific process, ensuring that the understanding of a phenomenon is accurate and reliable.