Final answer:
The pancreas is crucial in glucose homeostasis through the secretion of insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose levels by their respective actions on glucose absorption and glycogen conversion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pancreas plays a major role in glucose homeostasis by secreting two key hormones: insulin and glucagon. These hormones help maintain the balance of blood glucose levels. Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high, prompting cells to absorb glucose and use it for energy, and also encouraging glucose storage as glycogen in the liver.
Conversely, when blood glucose levels are low, alpha cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon, which stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This balance is crucial since glucose is the primary fuel source for cells, and maintaining homeostasis is essential for proper cellular function.