Final answer:
A theory is the correct answer, as it is a comprehensive explanation that has been thoroughly tested and validated. It explains a large body of experimental data and many observations, standing as a pillar in the scientific method.
Step-by-step explanation:
The explanation that is capable of explaining much data and many observations in science is known as a theory. A theory is a well-supported explanation that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation, such as the theory of gravity or the theory of evolution. On the contrary, a hypothesis is a preliminary assumption or tentative explanation that is subject to further testing. An experiment is a procedure carried out to test a hypothesis and gather data. Lastly, a conclusion is drawn from the analysis of data obtained from experiments.
When a hypothesis is extensively tested and is able to explain a large body of experimental data, it may evolve into a theory. This demonstrates the scientific method, where observations lead to hypotheses that are tested through experiments. If a hypothesis aligns with the results of experiments and integrates well with existing knowledge, it may contribute to the development of a scientific theory. Scientific theories are significant because they are comprehensive and provide a framework for understanding natural phenomena.