Final answer:
The heavenly powers that granted the right to govern to a specific person in the Zhou theory were known as the Mandate of Heaven.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heavenly powers that granted the right to govern to a specific person in the Zhou theory were known as the Mandate of Heaven. According to this theory, heaven would choose a virtuous ruler to govern as long as they remained moral, listened to wise advisors, and ensured the well-being of the people. If a ruler became wicked or neglectful, signs like earthquakes, comets, and droughts would warn them, and heaven would choose a new virtuous leader.