Final answer:
The lower half of the retina receives visual information from the upper part of the visual field, as images get inverted and reversed through the visual pathway before being processed correctly in the visual cortex.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information from the lower half of the retina is derived from the upper part of the visual field. This is due to the topographic mapping and the way light is processed through the visual pathway. The visual field is inverted and reversed when it enters the visual cortex, meaning that what is seen in the upper visual field is actually projected onto the lower half of the retina, and then processed in the corresponding superior region of the visual cortex.
Light from the superior visual field falls on the inferior retina, and light from the inferior visual field falls on the superior retina. This spatial relationship is maintained as the visual information is transmitted through the optic chiasm and onto the visual cortex, resulting in the perception of images being correctly oriented when we experience them.