Final answer:
The political history of the Hellenistic period was dominated by Macedonian kings who established Greek cities in the former Persian Empire and blended Greek and other cultures. This period saw the flourishing of Hellenistic civilization. Therefore, the correct option is D) Macedonian kings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political history of the Hellenistic period was dominated by Macedonian kings. After Alexander the Great's death, his empire was divided among his generals, and the resulting kingdoms were ruled by Macedonian kings. These kings established Greek cities in the former Persian Empire and blended Greek and other cultures, creating a Hellenistic civilization.