Final answer:
Skinner is known for shaping in operant conditioning, which reinforces behavior in small steps, while Bandura is renowned for modeling, which is learning behavior through observation and imitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to modeling. Shaping, as utilized by B.F. Skinner, involves the reinforcement of successive approximations toward a target behavior, primarily in the context of operant conditioning. Skinner's technique allowed an organism to be gradually conditioned to perform complex behaviors by rewarding each small step towards the desired behavior. On the other hand, Albert Bandura is recognized for his work on observational learning, or modeling, which involves learning by watching and imitating the behaviors of others. This process includes attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, and is fundamental to understanding how humans learn complex social behaviors by observing and copying their peers, parents, or other individuals.
Key Concepts in Learning Theories
- Operant conditioning - A form of learning where behaviors are modified by their consequences.
- Observational learning - Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others and is key to Bandura's theory.
- Shaping - A technique used in operant conditioning to establish a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.