Final answer:
The term 'retina' refers to the light-sensitive, innermost layer of the eyeball that contains rods and cones, which are responsible for converting light into nerve impulses. The correct option is 1).
Step-by-step explanation:
The Light-Sensitive Layer of the Eye
The word that means pertaining to the light-sensitive, innermost layer of the eyeball is the retina. This layer contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones.
Rods are sensitive to dim light and are mainly located in the periphery of the retina, while cones are sensitive to different colors of light and are primarily found in the central part of the retina. These cells are responsible for converting light into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain.
As light enters the eye, it passes through several structures before reaching the retina. The light first passes through the cornea, a transparent protective layer, and then enters the eye through the pupil.
The size of the pupil is controlled by the iris, which adjusts based on the brightness of the light. After the pupil, light travels through the lens, which focuses it onto the retina. Option 1) is the correct one.