Final answer:
A vulnerability scanner is the correct option for a software tool that assesses and reports vulnerabilities on hosts. It scans systems for potential security issues and differs from firewalls, antiviruses, or IDS which serve other security purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A vulnerability scanner is a software tool that examines and reports about vulnerabilities on local and remote hosts. Among the given options, the correct answer is d) Vulnerability scanner. Unlike a firewall which is designed to block unauthorized access, an antivirus which protects against malware, or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which monitors network traffic for suspicious activity, a vulnerability scanner's primary function is to identify and report potential security issues before they can be exploited. It helps in proactively securing systems by scanning for weaknesses such as outdated software, unpatched vulnerabilities, or misconfigurations. A(n) Vulnerability scanner is a software tool designed to assess and identify security weaknesses in both local and remote hosts. Unlike firewalls (a), which primarily control and monitor network traffic, antivirus programs (b), which focus on detecting and removing malicious software, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) (c), which monitor and analyze network or system activities for signs of unauthorized access or malicious behavior, a vulnerability scanner specifically searches for potential weaknesses in software, configurations, or settings. It provides reports detailing vulnerabilities, allowing administrators to address and patch potential security risks, enhancing the overall security posture of the system or network.