Final answer:
Nutrition can impact gene expression through transcriptional and translational control. Transcription factors can be influenced by specific nutrients, while nutrients can also modulate the activity of translation initiation factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional and translational control. Nutrition can have an impact on gene expression through these mechanisms. One example of nutritional control at the transcriptional level is the regulation of gene expression by transcription factors. These factors can be activated or inhibited by specific nutrients, which can influence the transcription of target genes. At the translational level, nutrition can affect gene expression through the regulation of mRNA translation. For example, certain nutrients can modulate the activity of translation initiation factors, thereby influencing the rate at which mRNA molecules are translated into proteins.