Final answer:
An entitlement federal program guarantees certain benefits based on eligibility criteria, while a non-entitlement federal program is funded through discretionary spending. Examples of entitlement programs are Social Security and Medicare, while examples of non-entitlement programs include transportation infrastructure and defense.
Step-by-step explanation:
An entitlement federal program refers to a government program that guarantees certain benefits to eligible individuals. These benefits are usually based on criteria such as age, income, or disability. Social Security and Medicare are examples of entitlement programs.
On the other hand, a non-entitlement federal program does not have the same guarantee of benefits and is funded through discretionary spending. These programs are subject to annual appropriations by Congress. Examples of non-entitlement programs include transportation infrastructure and defense.