Final answer:
Athletes often require higher intakes of certain vitamins and minerals such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, antioxidants, sodium, potassium, and magnesium to support their increased physical activity and compensate for nutrient losses. Male athletes may need more of certain micronutrients, while female athletes require extra iron. A well-balanced diet usually meets these needs, with supplements as a secondary option.
Step-by-step explanation:
Athletes do have higher needs for certain vitamins and minerals to support their increased physical activity. The major micronutrients of concern include iron, calcium, vitamin D, and some antioxidants. Increased physical activity can lead to excess loss of nutrients, necessitating a greater intake of microminerals like sodium, potassium, and magnesium, particularly for those who perspire heavily. Male athletes may need more vitamins C and K, along with thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, while female athletes often require extra iron due to menstruation losses.
Nutrition plays a critical role in athletic performance, with a balanced diet meeting most athletes' needs for energy and micronutrient support. In cases where athletes are unable to obtain sufficient nutrients from their diet, a daily multivitamin regimen may be beneficial. However, it's recommended to prioritize a 'food first' approach over supplements. Athletes should aim to consume adequate protein, considering both quantity and quality, and maintain proper fat intake, as it's not only required for energy but also for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids.