Final answer:
The condition that refers to an excess of living skin disrupting normal nail growth is Pterygium, related to health because nails show signs of overall health, and the cuticle should not be cut during a manicure for protection against infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that refers to an excess of living skin attached to the nail plate that disrupts the normal nail growth is called Pterygium. Pterygium can result from skin trauma, inflammation, or autoimmune disorders in which connective tissue forms over the nail plate, either at the front or the back of the nail, hence affecting nail growth. It is important to not cut the cuticle during a manicure because the cuticle serves as a protective barrier, preventing infection of the underlying tissues. The nail plate itself is composed of dead cells; it grows from the nail matrix located at the proximal end of the nail, under the nail root. Nails are indicators of overall health, with conditions such as fungal infections or skin cancer often affecting them.