Final answer:
Opposing race-based initiatives for enhancing diversity in schools aligns with debates on equal opportunity and is not affirmative action, which is about proactive efforts to redress past discrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Opposing race-based public school initiatives, even with the intention to enhance diversity, would not be considered an example of Affirmative Action. Affirmative action is a set of policies or efforts enacted to increase the opportunities for historically underrepresented groups due to past discrimination, which may involve race-based admissions policies to enhance diversity in educational settings. Therefore, opposing such initiatives could fall under the debates of 'equal opportunity' or viewpoints against the idea that the government should ever discriminate on the basis of race. However, it does not equate to active discrimination (racial discrimination), nor does it relate to the enforced segregation of people based on race (segregation).
The historical context of affirmative action dates back to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Executive Order 11246, aiming to provide equal access to education and employment. The controversy around these initiatives often involves opposition based on the idea that they inadvertently benefit affluent minorities while possibly overlooking socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals of other races. The goal has always been to remedy the long-term effects of institutional discrimination and offer equal opportunities to students of all backgrounds.