Final answer:
A log record that notes a transaction changing the value of a database item from one value to another is commonly known as an update or write log record.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of log record described in the question refers to a Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) record in the context of database management. When a transaction T modifies the value of a database item X, it is crucial to log the change to ensure data integrity, especially in the event of a system failure. The specific type of log record that captures the change from an old value to a new value is often referred to as an update log record or a write log record. This log record typically includes the transaction identifier, the name of the item, the old value before the modification, and the new value after the change.