Final answer:
The term that refers to a state of the database which satisfies all schema-specific and additional constraints is a 'relation'. A relation in database terms is essentially a table, but it is particularly defined within the context of relational algebra and its associated constraints.
Step-by-step explanation:
A state of the database that satisfies the constraints specified in the schema as well as any other constraints on the database that should hold can be called a consistent state. In the context of the options provided, the correct term for the state that complies with all such constraints is a relation. In database terminology, a relation is essentially a table, but it's described in the context of relational algebra and is subject to various rules and constraints like those defined by the schema.
A tuple, on the other hand, is a single row in a table or relation, representing a single data item. A query is a request for information from the database. Lastly, in relational databases, the term table is used more commonly in practice, but it essentially holds the same concept as a relation.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question "A Relation of the database satisfies the constraints specified in the schema as well as any other constraints on the database that should hold?" is option 2), Relation.