Final answer:
A transaction failure happens when an operation within it does not complete successfully, often due to issues like integer overflow or division by zero, as well as programming errors or user interruption.
Step-by-step explanation:
A transaction failure occurs when an operation within a transaction does not complete as expected. This can happen due to various issues such as integer overflow or division by zero. Transaction failure may also be the result of incorrect parameter values, logical programming errors, or because a user interrupts the transaction during its execution. Identifying and handling these failures is crucial in programming to ensure data integrity and system reliability.