Final answer:
The 1st wave of scientific advancements focused on medicine, biology, and physical sciences, with landmark developments in medical instruments, pharmaceuticals, and physics through figures like Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and Isaac Newton.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 1st wave of scientific advancements focused on a range of fields, with significant contributions in medicine, biology, and physical sciences. These advancements were crucial in improving survival through new medical instruments and procedures, pharmaceuticals, anesthetics, and vaccines.
Developments like the ophthalmoscope and x-ray improved the diagnosis of injury and disease, aspirin and quinine treated common health issues, and the work of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur led to vaccines against devastating diseases. Physics played a critical role in this wave, with inventions such as the telescope sparking further exploration into the universe and underpinning technologies like microscopy, and contributions from figures like Isaac Newton establishing fundamental laws of motion.