Final answer:
The statement that astronauts may experience a change in their relationship with Earth due to the overview effect is true. This cognitive shift provides a new perspective on the planet's fragility and humanity's interconnectedness, leading to increased humility and a reduced 'Earth chauvinism'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Astronauts who experience the so-called overview effect will potentially rethink their relationship with planet Earth and view life on Earth from a different perspective after the experience. This statement is true. The overview effect is a profound reaction that astronauts often have when viewing the Earth from space, causing deep reflection and a sudden awareness of the planet's vulnerability and the interconnectedness of life on it.
Exposure to the vastness of space and seeing our planet as a tiny, fragile sphere suspended in the void can inspire a powerful sense of unity and a desire to protect Earth. This shift in perspective may lead to a decrease in 'Earth chauvinism,' an attitude where one might previously have taken Earth's life-sustaining attributes for granted.
Moreover, if astronauts could visualize the web of economic transactions covering the Earth as bright lines, the immensity of globalization becomes dramatically apparent, illustrating just how interconnected humanity truly is. This underscores that the perspective gained from space travel isn't purely scientific but profoundly philosophical and ethical as well.