Final answer:
Damage to the basal ganglia or cerebellum can lead to cognitive changes, in addition to their known impact on motor functions. The limbic system, which includes the hippocampus and amygdala, is crucial for emotion regulation and memory. All these structures play roles in both cognitive and motor functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Although both are considered to be motor structures, damage to the basal ganglia or the cerebellum also produces cognitive changes.
The limbic system, which includes the hippocampus and amygdala, regulates emotion and is involved in memory formation. Damage to these structures can result in significant emotional and cognitive changes, as seen in patient HM who suffered from the side effects of a bilateral temporal lobectomy. The basal ganglia play a role in modulating motor activity in relation to the cognitive state of the nervous system, influencing movement and also having a potential role in cognitive functions. Similarly, the cerebellum, while primarily known for its role in coordination during movement, is increasingly recognized as being involved in cognitive processes as well.