Final answer:
Data modeling is the phase that enables the prediction of outcomes of interest using collected and analyzed data to construct a model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phase that enables predictions of outcomes of interest is Data modeling. This step involves taking the data that has been collected and analyzed, and then using mathematical or computational techniques to construct a model that can be used to predict future outcomes based on that data. It's a crucial component of the scientific method, which includes collecting and organizing data, making hypotheses, testing hypotheses by experiments, and eventually, formulating models, theories, and laws to generalize findings.
Data modeling allows researchers to apply mathematical methods to data from a real or simulated population to predict what will happen to that population in the future, consistent with the scientific practices of evaluating evidence in relation to scientific questions and justifying the selection of data.