Question

Interphase happens before mitosis begins. Before interphase, the normal functions take place within the cell, like making ___proteins_________. In the nucleus of the cell, the two stringy, uncoiled DNA is called _____chromatin_________. Each piece of chromatin is a DNA molecule. Each human cell, for example, has ____46_____ pieces of chromatin. The DNA must copy itself, or ______replicate_________.

Answer 1

Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle where cells grow, produce proteins, and replicate DNA, setting the stage for division. The three interphase stages are G1, S, and G2, after which cells enter mitosis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Interphase is a critical part of the cell cycle, during which the cell carries out its normal functions, such as producing proteins. This period precedes mitosis and allows the cell to prepare for division. Inside the nucleus, DNA exists in a relaxed state known as chromatin, where it is not yet condensed into the tightly coiled structures known as chromosomes. Human cells typically have 46 pieces of chromatin, corresponding to 46 DNA molecules. Prior to entering the next phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical copy of the genetic material.

The three stages of interphase consist of: the first growth phase (G1), with cell growth and accumulation of resources for DNA synthesis; the synthesis phase (S), where DNA replication takes place; and the second growth phase (G2), where the cell synthesizes proteins needed for cell division. Once interphase is complete, the cell is prepared to enter the mitotic phase, which includes mitosis and cytokinesis, resulting in two daughter cells each with a complete set of chromosomes. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes, now consisting of sister chromatids, are carefully distributed to the daughter nuclei.