Final answer:
Calculated fields and field aliases can be setup in GUIs of database and business intelligence tools such as Microsoft Access, Excel (Pivot Tables), SSRS, Tableau. For example, in Excel, calculated fields are added via the PivotTable Analyze/Options tab, and aliases by renaming the field in the Pivot Table. SQL databases use the SELECT statement to define these elements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calculated fields and field aliases are commonly configured in database reporting and business intelligence software. Deciding where you can set them up depends on the software you are using. In many Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for database and business intelligence tools like Microsoft Access, Excel (with Pivot Tables), SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), Tableau, and others, you can generally define these within the query or report builder.
In Microsoft Excel's Pivot Table, for example, you can create a calculated field by selecting 'Fields, Items & Sets' from the PivotTable Analyze/Options tab and then clicking on 'Calculated Field'. To set a field alias, you can simply click on the field name in the Pivot Table and rename it directly.
If you are using SQL-based databases, calculated fields (or computed columns) and aliases are typically established in the SQL query itself using the AS keyword for field aliases and defining calculations directly in the SELECT statement.