Final answer:
In vivo methods of viral multiplication involve cultivating viruses within living host cells or organisms, such as in embryonated bird eggs or whole animals, for research and vaccine development, including for viruses like HIV-1, Hepatitis A, and polioviruses. Cytopathic effects from viruses can also be observed in this process.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Vivo Methods of Viral Multiplication
Viral cultivation requires a living host cell where the virus can replicate. Examples of in vivo methods include developing embryos inside bird eggs such as chicken or turkey eggs, particularly for influenza virus cultivation for vaccine production, or using whole animals in a laboratory setting for research purposes.
For instance, HIV-1 is an example of a virus that multiplies within a host by infecting cells of the immune system and then replicating using the host cell's machinery.
This process often results in the budding of new virions from the host cell without immediately killing it, though it causes damage to the infected cells. Similarly, the Hepatitis A virus and polioviruses are cultivated in vivo for both research and vaccine development.
Another key aspect of in vivo viral multiplication is observing cytopathic effects, such as cell lysis, which can be visualized by growing host cells in a petri dish and adding viruses, resulting in plaques of dead cells due to viral infection and subsequent cell death.