Final answer:
Spearman's s factor refers to 'c. Specific ability indicates a range of individual skills or abilities not encompassed by the general intelligence factor.
So option (C) is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spearman's ρ (rho) or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, is a statistical measure that assesses the strength and direction of the monotonic relationship between two variables. It is commonly used when the data is ordinal or when the assumptions of normality are not met.
However, in the context of your options, it seems like there might be confusion. Spearman's factor, in the realm of intelligence testing and psychometrics, is often associated with Charles Spearman's two-factor theory. According to Spearman, intelligence consists of a general factor (g factor) and specific factors (s factors). The g factor represents a person's overall intellectual ability, while the s factor represents specific abilities that are unique to particular tasks.
Given the options provided,
Special effects: This is not related to Spearman's factor.
SES (Social Economic Status): This is not directly related to Spearman's factor.
Specific ability: This is correct. Spearman's s factor refers to specific abilities that are task-specific.
Spatial orientation: This is not directly related to Spearman's factor.
Therefore, the correct answer is (c) Specific ability. Spearman's s factor refers to the specific abilities that are distinct and related to particular tasks or domains, while the g factor represents the general intelligence that underlies performance across various cognitive tasks.