Final answer:
Saudi Arabia is the country that produces the greatest amount of freshwater from desalination plants, due to the high number of such facilities and the capacity to afford their operation through its oil wealth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that produces the greatest amount of freshwater from desalination plants is Saudi Arabia. Large-scale desalination plants are prevalent throughout the Middle East due to the scarcity of fresh water in desert regions. Saudi Arabia, in particular, makes extensive use of these plants to meet the water demands of its population.
Despite the significant energy requirements for operating these plants, countries like Saudi Arabia can afford it thanks to their oil wealth, enabling them to produce huge quantities of freshwater through processes like reverse osmosis and flash evaporation. Israel, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and other nations in the vicinity also heavily rely on desalination to supply their freshwater but do not surpass Saudi Arabia in production.