Final answer:
The diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis can be made based on subjective symptoms in combination with a physical examination, laboratory tests, and a colonoscopy, all of which are necessary to accurately identify the condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diagnosis of Pseudomembranous Colitis
Diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis can be made from subjective symptoms along with (4) All of the above: 1) Physical examination, 2) Laboratory tests, and 3) Colonoscopy. These diagnostic tools are integral in confirming the presence of pseudomembranous colitis, which is often associated with antibiotic use that disrupts the normal microbiota leading to colonization by Clostridium difficile.
Symptoms such as watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite alongside more severe complications can prompt these diagnostic measures. Examination of stool specimens, serologic testing, and direct visual examination through colonoscopy can help in confirming the diagnosis. The physical examination can show signs compatible with colitis, while laboratory tests like stool O&P exam and enzyme immunoassay contribute to the diagnosis. A colonoscopy allows for a direct visual examination, and it could reveal the characteristic pseudomembranes on the colon mucosa.