Final answer:
Short, rod-shaped bacteria causing diseases like tetanus and tuberculosis are known as Bacillus. Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax and Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB, both of which are serious and potentially fatal diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The short, rod-shaped bacteria that produce diseases such as tetanus and tuberculosis are called Bacillus. These bacteria are bacillus in shape and capable of causing serious diseases in humans. For example, Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen responsible for anthrax, a severe condition with potential fatal outcomes if left untreated. Another rod-shaped bacterium is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB), a serious respiratory disease that can also be lethal without proper treatment.