Final answer:
Map distortions include inaccuracies in scale, projection distortions, misleading symbols, and oversimplified color schemes, all of which can misrepresent actual geographical data.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four things that have distortion in a map are scale, projection, symbols, and colors. The scale of a map represents the ratio of a distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground, usually provided in both kilometers and miles, often accompanied by a scale bar. The projection, such as the Mercator projection, can distort the size of continents and distances, especially towards the poles, causing high latitude regions to appear larger than they are in reality. Symbols on a map include icons, lines, or pictograms that represent different features or data but can be misleading if not properly explained. Colors are used in maps for various purposes like representing political affiliation or geological features, but these qualitative color schemes can misrepresent or oversimplify complex data.