Final answer:
The statement is true; the resting membrane potential is restored through repolarization, but this does not imply that sodium and potassium ion concentrations are immediately restored to their original state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'The resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state' is true. During the action potential, after depolarization, a process known as repolarization restores the resting membrane potential. However, this does not mean that the ion concentrations of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are back to their original levels. The sodium-potassium ATPase is responsible for restoring the proper concentrations of these ions. This pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, using ATP as energy, but this process occurs over time and is not instantaneously aligned with the repolarization phase. The restored negative charge inside the cell during the resting state is the result of this continued active transport by the sodium-potassium pump along with the differential permeability of the membrane to these ions.