Final answer:
The 'guiding neuron', likely a mistype for 'astrocyte', does not conduct action potentials, which is a function of neurons. Astrocytes support functions like the blood-brain barrier and respond to damage within the CNS but do not generate electrical signals as neurons do.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'guiding neuron' isn't a standard term in neuroscience, but it appears to be a typographical error for 'glial cell' or more specifically, 'astrocyte'. Given that context, option 2, 'Conducting action potentials', is NOT a function of astrocytes. Astrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform many supporting functions but do not conduct action potentials, as this is the primary function of neurons. The astrocytes' functions include maintaining the blood-brain barrier, forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS, and responding to neural tissue damage.
Astrocytes are star-shaped cells that extend their processes to interact with neurons, blood vessels, and the pia mater. These cells contribute to the blood-brain barrier by regulating the transmission of substances between the bloodstream and the brain, thereby protecting against pathogens and maintaining the extracellular environment for neurons. While neurons are responsible for generating and conducting electrical signals through their dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, soma (cell body), and synapse, astrocytes help in maintaining the optimal conditions for neuronal function.