Final answer:
The Dome of the Rock is significant in Israeli-Muslim relations due to its sacred status in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and its historical and political importance as one of the earliest Islamic buildings constructed by Caliph 'Abd al-Malik.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Dome of the Rock is a pivotal element in Israeli-Muslim relations due to its historical, religious, and political significance. As one of the earliest Islamic buildings in Jerusalem, the Dome surrounds a rock sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. For Jews, it is believed to be the creation site of the world and also where Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac. Muslims revere it as the place from which Muhammad ascended to heaven during his night journey. Completed in 691 CE by Caliph 'Abd al-Malik amidst a civil war, this well-preserved example of early Islamic architecture stands as a testament to the nascent Islamic empire's power and religious devotion. Its religious significance is compounded by the fact that it is adjacent to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam. The intricate calligraphic inscriptions and innovative architectural features like gold and blue mosaics, make it an iconic monument in Jerusalem's cityscape. The Dome of the Rock is thus at the heart of conflicting national and religious narratives, making its control and preservation a critical issue in the peace and tension dynamics between Israelis and Muslims.