Final answer:
Estheticians need to learn skin anatomy and physiology, skin types, skin care products, the effects of UV light on skin darkening, and the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. Nail technicians should be knowledgeable about nail structure and be trained to understand health risks associated with manicures and pedicures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Before caring for the skin, estheticians must learn a variety of foundational topics. First and foremost, anatomy and physiology of the skin is crucial, including understanding the different layers of the skin and their functions. Knowing the skin types and conditions is also essential for providing appropriate treatments. Estheticians must be well-versed in skin care products, including their ingredients and how they interact with different skin types.
Additionally, estheticians should understand the process of skin darkening due to UV exposure. The color of the skin is primarily determined by melanin, which is produced by melanocytes in the epidermis. When skin is exposed to UV light, it triggers an increase in melanin production, which leads to tanning. The stem cells in the stratum basale give rise to cells that change as they migrate through the different layers of the epidermis, eventually dying and helping to form the protective outer layer.
When it comes to sweat glands, there are two types: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine sweat glands are found throughout the body and secrete a watery fluid directly onto the skin surface, helping to control body temperature. Apocrine glands, primarily found in the underarm and groin areas, secrete a fatty sweat into the hair follicle, which is then broken down by bacteria, leading to body odor.
For professional nail technicians, important training includes knowledge of nail structure and composition. Nails are made of a hard protein called keratin. Professional nail technicians also need to be aware of the health risks of manicures and pedicures, including infections and exposure to hazardous chemicals. Proper training and certification are crucial for safety and professionalism in the industry.