Final answer:
The radial nerve is responsible for the articular nerve that serves the elbow joint, a uniaxial h_inge joint. The articular cartilage within this joint provides a smooth surface and acts as a cushion for the bones during movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that gives off the articular nerve to the elbow joint is known as the radial nerve. In the anatomy of the elbow joint, which is a uniaxial h_inge joint, the radial nerve is responsible for innervating parts of the joint as well as the posterior forearm muscles. This h_inge joint includes the humeroulnar joint, the humeroradial joint, and the proximal radioulnar joint, all of which are enclosed within a single articular capsule.
The functions of the articular cartilage include providing a smooth, lubricated surface for low-friction articulation, and serving as a cushion to absorb impact stress that can occur during movements such as bending and straightening the arm. The articular cartilage is essential for the proper functioning of the elbow joint, as it allows for smooth and pain-free motion.